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President-elect Park Geun-Hye, South Korea's first female president, waves to supporters after being declared the winner on December 19, 2012 in Seoul. She will become one of several female leaders in Asia, as well as the world. Julia Gillard, the first woman in Australia to hold the position as prime minister, assumed office in 2010.
She made a fiery speech about sexism that drew global attention in October.
Yingluck Shinawatra became Thailand's first female prime minister in 2011 after her party won a majority of parliamentary seats. She is the younger sister of one of Thailand's most polarizing political figures, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
Sheikh Hasina is the prime Minister of Bangladesh. She is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who led efforts for autonomy from Pakistan and was killed in a coup.
Dilma Rousseff assumed office in January 2011, becoming the first woman to become Brazil's president. Other female leaders in Latin America are Laura Chinchilla and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, presidents of Costa Rica and Argentina, respectively.
Trinidad and Tobago's Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessa has held the office since 2010.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has been Liberia's president since 2006. In 2011, she won the Nobel Peace Prize along with two others for their women's rights advocacy.
Another female president in sub-Saharan Africa is President Joyce Banda in Malawi, who took office in 2012.
Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė and Denmark's Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt talk with France's former President Sarkozy at a European Union summit on January 30, 2012 in Brussels. There are several female presidents and prime ministers in Europe.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has served the country since 2005 and is a powerful champion of the European Union.
HIDE CAPTIONSouth Korea's President ParkAustralia's Prime Minister Gillard
Thailand's Prime Minister Yingluck
Bangladesh' Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
Brazil's President Rousseff
Trinidad's Prime Minister Persad-Bissessar
Liberia's President Johnson Sirleaf
Lithuania's President and Denmark's PM
Chancellor Angela Merkel<<<
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
Park Geun-hye will become next president of South Korea
She pledged to take care of citizens in a time of economic anxiety
South Korea is a strategic Western ally and Asia's fourth-largest economy
What does election Park Geun-hye's election mean for South Korea? Share your thoughts.
(CNN) -- Emerging from victory, Park Geun-hye who will become the next president of South Korea -- the first woman for the Asian nation -- pledged to "take care of our people one-by-one."
In a speech made at the headquarters of her Saenuri political party Thursday morning, she invoked a phrase coined by her father, Park Chung-hee, who also served as president in an era when he was encouraging people to pull South Korea out of poverty.
"I would like to re-create the miracle of 'let's live well' so people can worry less about their livelihood and young people can happily go to work," said Park.
Park, 60, will assume office in February, in a country grappling with income inequality, angst over education and employment prospects for its youth, and strained relations with North Korea. South Korea is also a strategic Western ally and the fourth-largest economy in Asia.
South Korea's hopes for new president
Park Geun-Hye's life shaped by politics
South Korea elects woman as president Park won 52% of the vote, compared with 48% for her rival, Moon Jae-in of the Democratic United Party, according to the country's National Election Commission.
Both the president-elect and Moon, the liberal candidate, had similarly moderate plans, addressing income inequality, reigning in the power of family-owned conglomerates and improving relations with North Korea.
"This wasn't the knockdown, drag out, left-against-right type of campaign," said David Kang, professor of international relations and business at the University of Southern California. "There's a surprising consensus about taking a more moderate stance."
"I think Park won by acting to the center. Her claims are that she's going to moderate many of the policies of the previous administration."
Park acknowledged Moon and his supporters Thursday.
"I believe there is common ground between myself and Moon Jae-in," she said. "We are both willing to work for the country and for the people of South Korea.
"Whether you were for or against me, I want to hear your opinions. I will try to stop the separation and conflict that has been going on for the last half century through reconciliation and harmony."
Park of the Saenuri party, won the highest office in a conservative Asian nation with traditional gender values.
Read more: South Korea's election paradox
Just because a woman has won the presidency, it doesn't mean South Korea has achieved everything it needs in terms of gender equality, said Kang, who is also director of Korean Studies Institute at USC.
"That a woman could be elected in South Korea is historic and important. At the same time, what you basically have to do is be political royalty. So I think gender roles are changing in South Korea. It's a step forward, but let's also remember how unique she is as a person."
President-elect Park Geun-hye bows in front of the grave of her father.Park is the daughter of former President Park Chung-hee, whose legacy left the Korean public divided. Some claim he was a dictator who ignored human rights and cracked down on dissent, while others credit him with bringing economic development to South Korea. Her father was assassinated in 1979.
On Thursday, she paid her respects to her parents by visiting their graves at the National Cemetery in Seoul.
As in many other elections around the world, the economy reigned as the No. 1 issue for South Korean voters. Park has made ambitious promises to address those anxieties.
"I will create a society in which no one is left behind and everyone can share the fruits of economic development," she said. "I believe that only this can bring unity, economic democratization and happiness for people.
She also mentioned North Korea describing its recent rocket launch as a "serious security situation."
Park received congratulatory messages from Korea's outgoing President Lee Myung-bak as well as one from U.S. President Barack Obama.
Read more: Pocket, not rocket, worries Koreans
The United States and South Korea enjoy "stable relations," Kang said.
"Park is going to have to weigh U.S. as its main security ally and China as its main economic partner. That balancing act - keeping both with good relations - at some point, may become difficult," he said.
By Madison Park and KJ Kwon, CNN
December 20, 2012 -- Updated 1942 GMT (0342 HKT)
Hundreds held in China for spreading doomsday rumors
By CNN Staff
December 20, 2012 -- Updated 2347 GMT (0747 HKT)
China doomsday cult members detained
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- The group is called the Almighty God cult
- Many of the group's members are poor, unemployed or both
- Doomsday rumors are being spread at public venues, authorities say
(CNN) -- More than 600 members of a fringe Christian group in China have been detained for spreading rumors of an impending apocalypse, pegged to the Mayan calendar, China's Xinhua news agency reported.
Known as the Almighty God cult, the group latched on to the Mayan doomsday scenario to predict the sun would not shine and electricity would not work for three days beginning on December 21.
The cult was established in 1990 in central China and requires its members to surrender their property to the group.
Group members have spread doomsday rumors door-to-door or at public venues and claimed only they could save people's lives, according to authorities.
 Mayans prepare for end of calendar
 Debunking doomsday: Mayan calendar
Read more: Some believe Friday is doomsday on the Mayan calendar; the Mayans don't
December 21, 2012, is the endpoint of a more than 5,000-year Great Cycle marked on the "Long Count" calendar of the Mayans, an ancient Native American civilization from Mexico and Central America.
Some say this date marks the end of the world, while others suggest it marks the beginning of a new era.
Most of the cult members seized by police were detained for five to 10 days for disturbing social order, Xinhua reported. Police have seized a large number of leaflets, banners, computer discs, slogans, books and printing machines.
Read more: China cracks down on 'Doomsday cult'
Arrests have been reported in Qinghai, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Guizhou provinces and in the capital, Beijing.
"Advice before catastrophe: Satan's men will be extinct. Only the 'Almighty God' can save man. Anybody who resists God will go to hell," a leaflet said.
Cao Wei, a police officer with the Shanghua police station in Lanxi City, said cult members ask new believers to write letters of assurance to show their loyalty to the "Almighty God" and to evangelize.
Xinhua reported that one member wrote a letter saying, "I must preach to 100 people today, or I will be cursed."
Most of the cult's members are in their 40s, unemployed people in urban areas or low-income groups affected by illness or disaster. The group believes that Jesus has been resurrected as a Chinese woman, Xinhua reported.
Authorities say the cult intimidates people who try to leave.
韓国“島を守る態勢確立”
12月21日 18時58分
韓国国防省は２１日、国防白書を発表し、島根県の竹島について「韓国軍が強力に守る意志と態勢を確立している」と初めて明記し、韓国の領土として守っていることを強調しました。
韓国の国防白書は２年に１度発表され、ことしの白書は北朝鮮について今月１２日、事実上の長距離弾道ミサイルを発射したことや、アメリカ軍と韓国軍による偵察情報から、濃縮ウランを生成する新たな核施設の存在が考えられることから、前回に続いて「韓国の敵」と表現しています。
また、島根県の竹島については「地理的、歴史的、国際法上も明白な韓国の領土だ」としたうえで、「韓国軍が強力に島を守る意志と態勢を確立している」と初めて明記し、韓国の領土として守っていることを強調しました。
また、韓国海軍が竹島の周辺海域で機動訓練している写真を加えるなど、これまで１枚だった写真を３枚に増やしました。
国防省の当局者は２１日の会見で、「国民からもっと強い意志を打ち出すべきだという声があった」と述べ、今回の白書で島を守る軍の強い姿勢を打ち出すねらいがあったことを明らかにしました。
ただ、白書の発表時期が自民党が衆議院選挙で圧勝したあとになったことについて、国防省の当局者は「もともと先月発表する予定だったが、作業が大幅に遅れた」と述べ、日本の新政権を意識したものではないという見解を示しました。
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